Outlines

DAY 1:

NEED FOR PROTECTION

• Selectivity, stability, sensitivity, speed, reliability, dependability and security

 

FAULT TYPES AND THEIR EFFECTS

• Active, incipient, passive, transient and asymmetrical
• Phase and earth faults

 

SIMPLE CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENTS

• Revision of simple formulae
• Calculation of short circuit MVA and fault currents
• Worked examples

 

DAY 2:

 

SYSTEM EARTHING

• Solid, impedance and touch potentials
• Effect of electric shock
• Earth leakage protection

 

PROTECTION SYSTEM COMPONENTS INCLUDING FUSES

• History, construction and characteristics
• Energy let through and applications

 

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

• Current transformers: construction, performance, specification and
• magnetization curves
• Voltage transformers: types, accuracy and connections

 

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• Purpose and duty, clearance times and types

 

DAY 3:

 

TRIPPING BATTERIES

• Battery types, chargers, maintenance and DC circuitry

 

RELAYS

• Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) relay
• Construction principles and setting
• Calculation of settings – practical examples
• New modern numerical relays and future trends

 

CO-ORDINATION BY TIME GRADING

• Problems in applying IDMT relays

 

 

FEEDER PROTECTION

• Cables
• Pilot wire differential
• Overhead lines
• Distance protection (basic principles, characteristics and various schemes)

 

DAY 4:

 

TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

• Phase shift, magnetizing in-rush, inter-turn, core and tank faults
• Differential and restricted earth fault schemes
• Bucholz relay, oil and winding temperature
• Oil - testing and gas analysis

 

SWITCHGEAR (BUSBAR) PROTECTION

• Requirements, zones and types
• Frame leakage
• Reverse blocking
• High, medium and low impedance schemes

 

 

DAY 5:

GENERATOR PROTECTION

• Stator and rotor faults
• Overload and over-voltage
• Reverse power, unbalanced loading
• Loss of excitation and synchronism
• Typical protection scheme for industrial generators

 

OVERHEAD LINE PROTECTION

• Basic principles of the distance relay
• Tripping characteristics
• Application onto power lines
• Effect of load current and arc resistance
• Various schemes using power line carrier

 

MANAGEMENT OF PROTECTION

• Routine and annual testing, investigation and performance assessment and upgrading

 

SUMMARY, OPEN DISCUSSION AND CLOSING

 

 

Who Should Attend

 

• Electrical Engineers
• Project Engineers
• Design Engineers
• Instrumentation and Design Engineers
• Electrical Technicians
• Field Technicians
• Electricians
• Plant Operators

Duration

5 Days